Abicana Webstore - Natural drugs for rheumatic conditions

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Products to help for joint pain and rheumatism, information about treatment for rheumatic diseases

On this site you will find natural products based on herbs, vitamins, minerals and anti-oxydants targeted at specific problems of the joints, tendons and muscular apparatus. Pleae click at the banner or links to learn more or buy.

Further down there is some information about rheumatic fever. There is also some information about natural treatment of rheumatic conditions and about some of the ingredients in these natural drugs. To see more health produts and a list of other health information, please click here.


Natural drugs for rheumatic trouble

Help for pain, stiffness and wearing in the joints - joint Relief Solution - This natural medicine will help to reverse degeneration of joint structures and tissue damage, like that occuring as one gets older, by inflammatory conditions or by daily wearing. It will help to give the joints better inner lubrication. Thereby it will increase flexibility, reduce pain and improve function and smoothness in the joints.

Ingredients: The drug contains the ingredient celandrin that has shown to have very good effects against tissue damages in the joints, as by osteoarthritis. Other key ingredients are hyaluronic acid and extracts of the herb turmeric. In also contains extracts of ginger, green tea, Boswellia serrata and sculcap. Further ingredients are trans-resveratrol and barberine.




JOINT INFLAMMATION (bursitis) and joint trouble - Acusil - Treatment for joint inflammation and joint trouble due to injuries or wearing during daily impacts and sport activities.

Please click here to read more or buy - Acusil


Help for osteoarthritis and injuries in the bone and cartilage components of the joints - Exomine: - By osteorthritis the catilage and bone ends in the inside of the joints are worn down, causing movement problems and pain. A sound joint is rich in glycosaminoglycans that lubricate the inside of the joints. In weak and unhealthy joints, the amount of glycosaminoglycans and other key factors tend to be low, and this deficiency contributes to the wearing down of the joint structures.

This product  helps to repair the inside lubrication of the joints, prevent further breakdown, gives the joint new strength, increases motion range, makes motion smoother and reduces pain. Ingredients: Condroitin sulphate, Hyaluronic acid, Borone, Boswellia serrate ext, Ginger, Cat claw, Turmenic, Grape seed ext.


Click here to buy or learn more: Exomine


Rheumatoid arthritis relief - Exomine RH - In 2003, reports indicated that over 2.1 million americans are affected with rheumatoid arthritis, a disease that not only affects the joint sytem, but also the nervous system, the eyes, the heart and the lymphatic system. While rheumatoid arthritis usually affects the mid-aged population, occurance in the 20's and 30's is also common. Exomine RH is specifically formulated to support those suffering from RA.

Ingredients: Vitamin B5, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, Copper , Zinc, Methylsulfonyl Methane (MSM), Boswellia Serrata Ext, Cat's Claw, Tumeric, Omega 3 acids, Gamma Linolic Acid, Chondroitin Sulfate , BioCell Collagen Type II™, Hylaronic Acid


Click here to buy or learn more - Exomine RH


Drug to combat fibromyalgia - Anatrin - By fibromyalgia there is widespread chronic musculoskeletal aching around the body, and distinct tenderness at specific points. Symptoms also include fatigue, lack of sleep, morning stiffness, headaches, and depression.   Anatrin may help by providing nutrients with these specific effects: Increased energy, reduction of pain, reduced inflammation, better mood, less fatigue.Ingredients:Magnesium, Ascorbigen, Broccoli Powder, Rhodiola rosea Extract, Ginger root Extract, 5-HTP’s, Melatonin, Malic acid

Click here to buy or learn more - Anatrin


Osteoporosis reverse - Exuprin - By osteoporosis the mineral content of the bones gradually gets depleted, and the bones get thinner and brittle. This product supplies calcium and other minerals to help maintain a strong scheleton and rebuild the scheleton to new strength. It also contains vitamins that stimulate the building processes within the scheleton.

Ingredients: Vitamin D (as Cholecalciferol, Vitamin K (Phytonadione), MCHA (Bone Meal) containinhg Calcium and Phosphorous 1724 mg, Magnesium (as Magnesium Oxide), Zinc (as Zinc Oxide), Copper (as Copper Gluconate), Manganese(as Manganese Citrate), Soy Extract containing Isoflavones, Ipriflavone 150 mg, Boron (as Boron Citrate)


Click here to read more or buy - Exoprin


Carpal tunnel syndrome - Neurophine - This supplement contains ingredients to alleviate inflammation of tissues around the nerves in the limbs and factors to stimulate healing of those connective tissue structures, and thereby help for carpal tunnel syndrome and similar conditions in the legs.

Please go here to read more or buy - Neurophine


RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME or leg crapings - Sedorum By RLS there is unwanted cribling in the limbs and involuntary movements. This herbal drug relaxes and gives nutrients for the nerves in the limbs to work more properly.

Click here to read more or buy - Sedorum





Muscle cramping in the legs - Besides these procucts, you can also find product against other cramp conditions through these link.

Leg Cramps Ointment

Leg Cramps Ointment

Leg Cramps Ointment 2.5 Ounces Cream




Leg Cramps

Leg Cramps

Leg Cramps 50 Tablets




Omega-3-fatty acids are good for the joints - Omega-3-acids decrease inflammation and is also good in other ways for the joints, the digestive system, the blood circulation and the nervou system. Please click at these product links for these particular products and for other omega-3-products. Omega-3 products can be based on marine animal sources and on vegan sources, you can find them as oil in bottles and as capsulated oils.

Glucosamine Omega3

Glucosamine Omega3

Glucosamine Omega3 90 Softgels




Ideal Omega3

Ideal Omega3

Ideal Omega3 1000 MG 60 Softgels





More remedies against common health problems

NATURAL ORAL REMEDIES for support by other conditionsin all body prts - In this shop you can find a lot of remedies to support against common injuries, inflammations, infections, allergies and functional dysfunctions in the hormonal secretion, joints, muscles, nervous system, digestive system, respiratory organs, sensual organs, urogenital system and skin. There are also products to help slimming and comprehensive vitamine and mineral products.

Please click here to find the right product



Echinachea product for children to help for infections and rheumatic complications of infections, especially throut infections and infections that trigger rheumatic fever

Childrens Echinacea 4 FL Oz

Childrens Echinacea 4 FL Oz

Echinacea (Echinacea Angustofolia, Purpapera, Pallida) is an excellent herb for all kinds of viral & bacterial infections, strengthens the immune system against pathogenic infection by stimulating phagocytosis & T-Cell formation, blood cleansing properties, acne, bronchitis, colds & flu, congestion, psoriasis, tonsillitis, wounds, ear infections and stimulates the immune system.




Echinachea products to help for infections and rheumatic complications of infections, especially throut infections and infections that trigger rheumatic fever

Echinacea Extract 2 OZ

Echinacea Extract 2 OZ

Harvest Fresh Herbs. A Dietary Supplement. Vegetarian/Vegan. Immune System Support*.




Echinacea Goldensl Extract.

Echinacea Goldensl Extract.

Echinacea Goldensl Extract. 1 Fluid Ounces Liquid




Echinacea Extract 60 Vcaps

Echinacea Extract 60 Vcaps

Dietary Supplement. Healthy Immune Support *.




Standardized Echinacea Herb Extract 60VC

Standardized Echinacea Herb Extract 60VC

Herbal Supplement. New Improved. 4% Echinacosides. Gluten Free.




Many smart devices to ammeliorate pain and stiffness in muscles and joints - In this online shop there are many smart devices to ammeliorate pain in the limbs, back and neck due to rheumatic conditions, to stress or to overt-use of your body and to help you relax physically and mentally.

Verseo.com


MEDEXSUPPLY - a medical equipment store with a great inventory of products to help by problems in the muscles and joints - Among other tings you can find masage instruments and equipmeny for physical therapies. You can also find aids for people with physical impairmants to help in the daily functions. Here is also any kind of equipment for physical examination, treatment, therapeutic training and nursing here.



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Vigorell - cream for women to induce intense pelvic pleasure, increased lubrication, bigger engorgement of the vulvar parts and other pleasant physiological reactions - click here


A GREAT EXHIBITION OF PRODUCTS AGAINST SEXUAL PROBLEMS - and items to improve an allready good sex life to an even higher standard - for women and men - Here are products to: Increase your genital lubrification, develope your penis, help for anatomical penile problems, help you get stronger and longer  erections, increase the blood supply to your intimate zones, enhance your libido and sexual excitement, increase the pleasure in your intimate body parts,  to make you more fertile, make you produce more semen and better semen. Buy clicking at this banner, you will enter a page that can guide you to the products most fit for your own needs,  based on characteristics of your own sexual life and your  whishes for sexual life changes.

Products for men and women to solve genital problems and increase potency, sexual appetite and satisfaction - please go here


Natural medicine to increae your memory, allertnes and all other aspects of brain capacity - Brain Pills - These pills will help you learn and meomrize more effectively and more effectively mobilize meorized information for use. They will make you more allert and able to better recognize patterns and happenings. They will help you think quicker and manipulate more complex information while thinking. They will take a way mental exhausetion and make you able to endure harder mental work and work mentally longer time.




Vitamins. minerals, anti-oxidants, glyconutrients, noni, acai mangosteen, protein supplements, body-building supplements. and other supplements

Products against erection problems or to improve sexual life for both sexes, please click here

All products to help for specific common diseases, pleace click here

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About Rheumatic fever and Its Treatment

By rheumatic fever the immune system attacks acutely tissues in the body and causes swelling, pain and damages. Most often the skin and joints are attacked. Often also the heart is the target of attack and here the condition can cause severe anatomical damages and functional problems, sometimes life-threatening.

The conditions mot often occurs as a complication to a bacterial infection, usually in the airways, and by the type of bacteria called jemolytic streptococs. In typically occur accutely 1-3 weeks after the infaction itself is mostly over and typically and the accute period typically lasts a few weeks. After that period there may be a chronic period with les symptoms or recurring accute periods, usually triggered by new infections.

One thinks that the condition occurs because proteins at the cell surface of the bacteria resamble proteins in body tissues and that the immune system therefore also reacts against body proteins.

The condition also may occur because products from the bacteria attach themselves chemically to structures in the body tissues. The immune system then recogizes the chemical complexes thus formed as something foreign and attack the sells where these complexes are attached.

General symptoms from the condition is fever, lathargy and strong sweathing. There is often paun in the stomach.

Symptoms from the skin are reddened areas or small round red spots. Some patients get small lumps or knots in the deeper layers of the skin.

The joints will show symptoms of inflammation, especially swelling, redness and elevated temperature. Joints often affected are the knees, elbows, and wrists.

All layers in the heart can be attacked. Cardiac symptoms are rapid heart beat, murmers by auscultation, breaxt pain and altered patterns by EEG. The heart may work weakly which will give more severe general symptoms.

Anatomical damages can develop, but usually slowly, often during everal years. Especially the valves in the heart can be severely damaged, which result in severe heart malfunction.

The most important treatment of the condition is to combat the infection effectively by antibiotics, and to hinder new infections to occur.

In the accute face non-steroid drugs against pain and fever is usually used. If the heart is affected, the pasient is ordered to avoid physical strain and sometimes strict bedregime for several weeks or months.

If the accute inflammation in the heart is great, steroid drugs will be used to alleviate the inflammation. If the cardiac valves are seriously damaged, surgery to correct or replace the valves can be done.

As by all chronic conditions, a sound general diet is helpfull. Especially is it important to get enough omega-3-fatty acids and vitamin C.

Extract of the herb Echinacea and tea brewed from Ecinacea 3 times a day can help against the underlaying infection and help hinder reinfection and thus help hinder new outbreaks of the rheumatic fever.

The frequency of rheumatic fever seems to be proportional to the frequency, severity and length of streptococcal infections in the population. In the weatern countries, especially the length and severity of these infections have gone down due to effective treatment by antibiotics, and hence the condition is more seldome than before.




About therapies to treat rheumatism

The gravity of rheumatic diseases vary conciderably and is not necessarily dependent of the type of diagnosis. A rheumatic disease can be just annoying or it can progress to an invalitating or even life-threatening condition.

Rheumatic conditions have allways been fifficult to treat, and conventional medicine still do not have any good remedy against these conditions. Conventional medicine may however effectively slow the progression of these diseaes and remedy damages done by such diseases, but often coupled by dangerous side effects.

Lifestyle improvements, diet improvement and natural approches also has the ability to slow the progression or halt the progress of these diseases, sometimes very effective and sometimes only as a useful contribution.

There is therefore no standard methods of treating these diseases that work optimally for everyone. Each case must be handled individually.

Most rheumatic conditions usually involve strong inflammation, often causwed by auto-immune reactions and also involve chronic pain. Anti-inflammatory therapy is therefore important treatment moularieties by rheumatism. Since rheumatic conditions also often cause stiffness and body deformities, therapies to counteract and corrct such deformities are also important.

Here is a general survey of both natural and conventional treatment for rheumatism:


A. Use of anti-inflammatory diet

Anti-inflammatory diet: A natural anti.inflammatory diet will nearly allways help to some extend. In such a diet all types of fat consumed must be natural and unaltered. It consists of ingredients with a good contenet of omega-3-fat as found in fish, seeafood and flax, oil and of mono-unsaturated fat as found in olive oil, almonds and rape oil. Such a diet sholuld avoid great amounts of omega-6 oils as found in soy and most other commonly used oil types. Also chemically manipulated fat should be avoided in such a diet. Such fat is often of the type trans-fat that cannot be utilized well in the body and cause a lot of disturbances. Such diet also contain much vegetables and fruit in a natural form.


B. Use of pharmacological and natural drugs to treat rheumatism

NSAIDS - Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs: These drugs have both the ability to reduce pain, reduce fever and slow down inflammations. They are often the maid pharmacotherapeutic approch used by rheumatism, They are prefered for these purposes because the side effects of these are less than other drugs against inflammation and because they are not narcotics.Examples of these drugs are aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen. The main working mechanism of these drugs is inhibitation od prostaglandine syntesis. Prostaglandins acts as signal substances in inflammmatory processes.

Steroid drugs: - These are hormones or hormone-like drugs with a chemicalstructure resembling cholesterole or derived from cholesterole. They have strongt effect against inflammation. But they also give strong side effects if used uncritically and over longer time, like suppression of the immune responce, water retension and reduction of body tissues like muscles and skin tissues and delayed healing of damages. Steroid drugs act by hindering syntesis of many proteins, for example enzymes that help to produce signal substances that are in effect during inflammatory processes, They also increase production of some proteins.

Biological drugs: On the cellular level, the sub-processes in an inflammatory process are started or enforced by certain signal substances, like prostaglandines, cytokines or histamine. Biological drugs are a new type of drugs that can attach to specific substances of the kind, or the sites on the cells that these signal substances trigger. Many of these drugs, consist of anti-bodies towards these signal substances made by tissue cultures in the indutries producing them, for example the drug Remicade. There is a reluctance to use these drugs, partly becaue they are expensive, and partly because the attack on signal substances also can disturbe normal bodily functions controlled by these substance in some cases. They are most used as the last resort when other treatments have not worked well.

Antiinflammatory herbs: There are many herbs with good anti-inflammatory actions, for example Boswelia serrata, stinging nettle.


C. Physical therapies:

Stifness and deformation of limbs and body parts like the spine are common effects of rheumatic conditions. Physical theraoies have the purpose of counteract and remend such patological changes. Physical therapies work by mechanical streching effects, by warming and by muscular training effects.

Massage: Massage therapies include massaging along muscles, percussion on muscles and body areas and passive stretching. The massaging and will better the blood circulation and therby promote healing of damages in the tissues. Both massage and stretch will increase the flexibility of muscles and joints and thereby improve mobility. To some extend stretching can also correct deformities caused by the disease process.

Thermal therapies: Use of heat is an old and well-proven physical method against rheumatic condition. The heat can be admistered in several ways, like  Warm baths, use of warm pads and packings around body parts and use of microwave radiation. The warming of tissues mailnly help by a relaxing of blood vessels and by reducing cramps and stiffness cause by cramps.

Topical use of aromatic compound: Aromatic compound to be appied onto stiff and painful body areas can be effective against rheumatic pain and stiffness. The compunds can be masaged onto th eskin, blended into warm baths or soaked into warm packings used around body parts. The aromatic compound works by several principles. Some ofthe substance will immediately vaporize and cool the skin superficially, chich will help against pain. Many of the compunds will creep into the skin and stimulate nerve endings. The siitchy feelings cause by this wil concour against the pain impulses and make the pain felt less obvious. The compunds willl also increase the blood flow in the tissues and thereby stimulate elemination of wasts and promote healing.  Use of camphor dissolved in alcohol is a classical treatment of this kind.

Training regimens: Training regimens consist of stretching exercises to increase mobility and to counteractdeformities and of muscular training to make the muscles stronger.


D. Surgery to correct rheumatic deformities

By rheumatoid arthritis and other deforming rheumatic diseases, surgery is a commonly used intervention. Arthritis makes the membran inside joint capsules thicken and grow into nearby tissues. Often surgery is performed to take away such overgrown tissue. If there is not any more abnormalities present than overgrown tissue, surgery to a great extend heal the treated joints, because the empty space caused by the surgey will often be covered by new normal tissue that grows in and replace the sick tissue taken out.

If the patological process have destroyed cartilage, bone and tendons, the destroyed structures must often be reconstructed by replaceing tendon materials or bone to new places, by tranplanting bone or tendon material, by setting in artificial blocks, or even replace the whole inner bone structures of the joints by artificial construction




About some compound used in the natural supplements against rheumatism

Glucosamine

Glucosamine (C6H13NO5) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is commonly used as a treatment for osteoarthritis, although its acceptance as a medical therapy varies.

Oral glucosamine is commonly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Since glucosamine is a precursor for glycosaminoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans are a major component of joint cartilage, supplemental glucosamine may help to rebuild cartilage and treat arthritis. Its use as a therapy for osteoarthritis appears safe, but there is conflicting evidence as to its effectiveness.

A typical dosage of glucosamine salt is 1,500 mg per day. Glucosamine contains an amino group that is positively charged at physiological pH. The anion included in the salt may vary. Commonly sold forms of glucosamine are glucosamine sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride. The amount of glucosamine present in 1500 mg of glucosamine salt will depend on which anion is present and whether additional salts are included in the manufacturer's calculation.[7] Glucosamine is often sold in combination with other supplements such as chondroitin sulfate and methylsulfonylmethane.

In the United States, glucosamine is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for medical use in humans. Since glucosamine is classified as a dietary supplement, evidence of safety and efficacy is not required as long as it is not advertised as a treatment for a medical condition.[8] Nevertheless, glucosamine is a popular alternative medicine used by consumers for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Glucosamine is also extensively used in veterinary medicine as an unregulated but widely accepted supplement.[9]

In Europe, glucosamine is approved as a medical drug and is sold in the form of glucosamine sulfate.

Clinical studies of glucosamine have consistently reported that glucosamine appears safe. Since glucosamine is usually derived from shellfish, those allergic to shellfish or who have kosher concerns may wish to avoid it. However, since glucosamine is derived from the shells of these animals while the allergen is within the flesh of the animals, it is probably safe even for those with shellfish allergy. Alternative sources using fungal fermentation of corn are available. Another concern has been that the extra glucosamine could contribute to diabetes by interfering with the normal regulation of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway,[4] but several investigations have found no evidence that this occurs. The U.S. National Institutes of Health is currently conducting a study of supplemental glucosamine in obese patients, since this population may be particularly sensitive to any effects of glucosamine on insulin resistance. Finally, in the United States, glucosamine is sold as a dietary supplement, so safety and formulation is solely the responsibility of the manufacturer.


Methylsulfonylmethane

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM, or dimethylsulfone) is an organic sulfur compound belonging to a class of chemicals known as sulfones. It occurs naturally in some primitive plants and is present in small amounts in many foods and beverages.

MSM is also known as dimethylsulfone, or DMSO2, a name that reflects its close chemical relationship to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which differs only in the oxidation state of the sulfur atom. MSM is the primary metabolite of DMSO in humans, and it shares some of the properties of DMSO.

MSM is sold as a dietary supplement that is marketed with a variety of claims and is commonly used (often in combination with glucosamine and/or chondroitin) for helping to treat or prevent osteoarthritis. Retail sales of MSM as a single ingredient in dietary supplements amounted to $115 million in 2003. However, clinical research on the medical use of the chemical in people is limited to a few pilot studies that have suggested beneficial effects.

The effects of supplemental methylsulfonylmethane in biology and medicine are poorly understood. Several researchers have suggested that MSM has anti-inflammatory effects (Morton et al. 1986; Childs, 1994; Murav'ev et al., 1991). Any health effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) may be mediated, at least in part, by MSM (Williams et al, 1966; Kocsis et al, 1975). Stanley W. Jacob, M.D., of the Oregon Health and Science University, claims to have used MSM to treat over 18,000 patients with a variety of ailments (Jacob & Appleton, 2003).

Clinical evidence for the usefulness of MSM is limited to animal studies and four published clinical studies in humans. These pilot studies of MSM have suggested some benefits, particularly for treatment of osteoarthritis. Further studies would be needed to test the usefulness of the chemical as a medical therapy.

Osteoarthritis:After several reports that MSM helped arthritis in animal models, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study suggested that 1500 mg per day MSM (alone or in combination with glucosamine sulfate) was helpful in relieving symptoms of knee osteoarthritis (Usha and Naidu 2004). Kim et al. then conducted a double-blind clinical trial of MSM for treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Twenty-five patients took 6 g/day MSM and 25 patients took a placebo for 12 weeks. Ten patients did not complete the study, and intent-to-treat analysis was performed. Patients who took MSM had significantly reduced pain and improved physical functioning, without major adverse events (Kim et al). No evidence of a more general anti-inflammatory effect was found, as there were no significant changes in two measures of systemic inflammation: C-reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The authors cautioned that this short pilot study did not address the long-term safety and usefulness of MSM. but suggested that physicians should consider its use for certain osteoarthritis patients, and that long-term studies should be conducted.

Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: Barrager et al. evaluated the efficacy of MSM for hayfever (Barrager et al, 2002). Twenty-five subjects consumed 2,600 mg of MSM per day for 30 days, and a significant improvement in symptoms was observed compared to those taking a placebo. However, the study was not blinded. Also, no significant changes were observed in two indicators of inflammation (C-reactive protein and immunoglobulin E levels). The authors suggest that MSM is safe for short-term use and recommend that a larger, double-blind study be performed to establish its usefulness in treating symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Interstitial cystitis: In 1978, the FDA approved dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for instillation into the bladder as a treatment for interstitial cystitis. Since DMSO is metabolized to MSM by the body, it is possible that MSM is the active ingredient in DMSO treatments (Childs 1994).


Boswellia

Boswellia is a genus of trees known for their fragrant resin which has many pharmacological uses particularly as anti-inflammatories. The Biblical incense frankincense was probably an extract from the resin of the tree, Boswellia sacra.

There are four main species of Boswellia which produce true Frankincense and each type of resin is available in various grades. The grades depend on the time of harvesting, and the resin is hand sorted for quality. Anyone interested in frankincense would be well advised to first obtain a small sample of each type from a reputable dealer in order to ascertain the difference between each resin.

Boswellia has long been used in Ayurvedic medicine. Recently, the boswellic acids that are a component of the resin it produces have shown some promise as a treatment for asthma and various inflammatory conditions (Gupta I, Gupta V, Parihar A, et al. Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with bronchial asthma: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week clinical study. European Journal of Herbal Medicine. In West Africa, the bark of Boswellia dalzielii is used to treat fever, rhumatism and gastro-intestinal problems (Arbonnier 2002. Arbres , arbustes et lianes des zones sèches de l'Afrique de l'Ouest)


Extracts of boswellia serrata have been clinically studied for osteoarthritis and joint function, particularly for osteoarthritis of the knee. A boswellia extract marketed under the name Wokvel has undergone human efficacy, comparative, pharmacokinetic studies.


Vitamin B3 - Nicotinic acid (niacin)

Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH, NAD, NAD+, and NADP play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell and DNA repair.[ The designation vitamin B3 also includes the corresponding amide nicotinamide, or niacinamide, whose chemical formula is C6H6N2O.

It also plays a role in removing toxic chemicals from the body.Severe lack of niacin causes the deficiency disease pellagra, whereas a mild deficiency slows down the metabolism decreasing cold tolerance.
Niacin plays an important role in the production of several sex and stress-related hormones, particularly those made by the adrenal gland.

Niacin, when taken in large doses, increases the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) or "good" cholesterol in blood, and is sometimes prescribed for patients with low HDL, and at high risk of heart attack.. An extended release formulation of niacin for this indication is marketed by Abbott Laboratories under the trade name Niaspan. Niacin (but not niacinamide) is also used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia because it reduces very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), a precursor of low density lipoprotein (LDL) or "bad" cholesterol, secretion from the liver, and inhibits cholesterol synthesis.[11] The main problem with the clinical use of niacin for dyslipidemia is the occurrence of skin flushing, even with moderate doses. There are current attempts to create a prolonged-release formulation of the substance, to allow it to be used more often and more comfortably.

The dose used should however not be too large. Niacin taken in doses over 20 mg per day has seen to give unwanted symptoms. Over 20 mg per day may cause flushing of the skin, lasting for about 15-30 minutes, sometimes accompanied by prickly or itching sensation. It may cause headache or nausea. This reaction is common in first-time users of large doses is caused by the cells of the body releasing histamine, which results in vasodilation. When the body becomes used to the larger dose (usually over a period of days), these side effects may diminish or cease.

In very large doses, niacin can have life-threatening acute toxic reactions. One patient suffered vomiting after taking eleven 500-milligram niacin tablets over 36 hours, and another was unresponsive for several minutes after taking five 500-milligram tablets over two days. Extremely high doses of niacin can cause niacin maculopathy, a thickening of the macula and retina which leads to blurred vision and blindness.

High-dose niacin may also elevate blood sugar, thereby worsening diabetes mellitus. Hyperuricemia is another side effect of taking high-dose niacin; as such, it may worsen gout[citation.



These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is nutritional in nature and should not be construed as medical advice. This notice is required by the Federal Food, Drug and