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ABOUT THE ANATOMY AND SEXUAL PHYSIOLOGY OF THE FEMALE ORGANS, AND ABOUT THE G-SPOT (G-point)

The most prominent feature of the vulva are the great genital lips that extend from the lowest part of the stomach area to far back between the woman's legs. The upper part of the vulva begins at an elevated site over the pubal bone, os pubis, called mons pubis. The great lips joins each at both ends.

Between the upper part of the labia mayora lies the clitoris. Beginning just beteath the clitoris and extending backwards between the great lips are the small lips or labia minora. The labia minora surrounds a deepened area called the vestibule of vulva. In the vestibule of vulva there is the urethral opening (orefice) and the vaginal opening. The sahpe and size of the small lips vary very much, and they can also partly be doubled at the places just near the clitoris so that there seems to be two minor lips inside each other. They can protrude out from the great lips or they can stay inside between the great lips.


The clitoris

The clitoris is an organ with both outer and inner parts. The penis and the clitoris develop in the embryo from the same structure, the previously undifferentiated genital tubercle. The clitoris and the penis actually get the same inner structures, but the size and shape are very different. Visible to the eye is the clitoral hood (prepuce) which in full or part covers the head (clitoral glans). The head or glans of the clitoris has a simple bundle of 8000 nerve fibers, estimated to be twice the number found in the penis making it particularly well-suited for sexual stimulation.

The outer clitoris can be completely covered by the hood, partly covered or entirely visible and protruded. The average width of the clitoral glans is in the range of 2.5 – 4.5 mm (0.10-0.18 in) indicating that the average size is smaller than a pencil eraser. There is NO correlation between the size of a woman’s clitoris and her age, including following menopause, height, weight or use of oral contraceptives, but women who have given birth do tend to have slightly larger measurements.

The clitoris extends inside just under the pubic bone, at the place where the greater lips (Labia majora) meet. The inner clitoris goes several centimeters inside under the pelvic bone. Inside the clitoris there are 4 structures capable of swelling.

The clitoris is a sexual organ. In humans, the visible knob-like portion is located near the anterior junction of the labia minora, above the opening of the urethra and vagina. Unlike the homologous male organ (the penis), the clitoris does not contain the distal portion of the urethra and functions solely to induce sexual pleasure. This is the same throughout the animal kingdom with the only known exception of the Spotted Hyena, where the urogenital system is modified so that the female urinates, mates and gives birth via an enlarged, erectile clitoris, known as a pseudo-penis.


The erectile bodies of the vulva

The vulva has erectile bodies just like the penis. These make the clitoris swell and get an erection and make the other parts of the vulva engorge when the woman is sexually excited.

From the base of the inner clitoris and down on both sides of the urethra and vagina there is a body capable of swelling, the bulbes of clitoris or the same as the corpus bulbospongiosus in a mans sexual organ. Around these, there are muscles - the bulbospongiosus muscles.

Further to each side, still another body capable of swelling extend from the clitoris backwards along inner side of the pelvic bone. These bodies are called the legs or the crura of the clitoris, or the same as the corpora cavernosa in the man's sexaul organ. Also these are surrounded by muscles, the ischiocavernous muscles.

The bulbs of clitoris and the crura of clitoris are extetions of the internal structures of the clitoris capable of swelling. These are the same structures that a man has in his penis and between his legs.

There are also structures going from the root of the clitoris backwards towards the base of the bladder and the urethra for exampl the urethral sponge and the perineal sponge that are networks of nerves and blood vessels.


The g-spot

The term "G-spot" is known by most people, but there are much uncertainty about what the G-spot really is. Traditionally the G-spot is depicted as a sensitive spot above the vagina or in the upper part of the vaginal wall some way inside. However, more exact research have failed to locate an exact poit right here that is especially sensitive.

The special sensations women feel by stimulating toward this area, actually seem to occur in the whole area from just below the bladder and towards the external clitoris. The G-spot is therefore a continous area from just above the vagina (just under the bladder) and towards the visible parts of the clitoris, and comprizes the inner root of the clitoris.

The clitoris and the G-spot actually is one greater body. This body can be stimulated to reach orgasm from the inside of the vagina, or from the outside towards the clitoris that is the visible side of this body. Stimulation from inside towards the upper vaginal wall will send pressure waves in the direction of the clitoris and thus stimulate the whole G-area.

This G-spot-clitoris body has a tight mesh of blood vessels and is capable of swelling when the woman is sexually aroused.

The urethra also goes through this body. In this body, along the urethra, there are glands that secret smearing fluid into the urethra, and especially when the woman is excited. By the orgasm the muscles in the vulva contract and presses fluid from these glands into the urethra and out through the urinary opening. Therefore a women can get a sort of ejaculation. by the orgasm.

Masters and Johnson were the first to determine that the clitoral structures surround and extend along the vagina, determining that all orgasms are of clitoral origin. More recently, Australian urologist Dr. Helen O'Connell using MRI technology noted that direct relationship between the legs or roots of the clitoris and the erectile tissue of the clitoral bulbs and corpora, and the distal urethra and vagina. She asserts that this interconnected relationship is the physiological explanation for the G-spot and women’s experience of vaginal orgasm taking into account the stimulation of the internal parts of the clitoris during vaginal penetration. Women who experience orgasm from both direct clitoral stimulation of the glans and vaginal access to the internal bodies distinguish between them in terms of both the physical and general sensations associated with each.

During sexual arousal and during orgasm, the clitoris and the whole of the female genitalia engorge and change color as these erectile tissues fill with blood, and the woman experiences vaginal contractions. Master and Johnson documented the sexual response cycle, which has four phases and is still the clinically accepted definition of the human orgasm. More recent research has determined that women can experience a sustained intense orgasm through stimulation of the clitoris and remain in the orgasmic phase for much longer than the original studies indicate, evidenced by genital engorgement and color changes, vaginal contractions and ejaculation.


The vagina

The vagina is a canal lined at the inside with an epitelium. Just under the epitelium are a sheet of very elastic connective tissue. Around this connective tissue there is a layer of muscles. This muscular layer has some glands opening out into the vaginal room. Outermost there is a layer of strong fibrous connective tissue that attaches tha vagina to scheletal muscles and other structures of the pelvic area.

The vagina is usually closed by menas of the muscles in and around the vagina. When the woman is aroused, these mucles relax so that the vagina can easily be penetrated. The vagina contains acidic secrets mostly coming from the uterus. These secrets are hostile to most bacteria, so that the vagina only host special friendly strands bacteria.

In young girls the vagina is nearly closed by a thin structure called the hymen. There is however a small opening in the hymen som that secrets and menstrual fluids can get through. The hymen rupture at some time early in life, so that the vagina gets fully opened. If it is not allready ruptured, it will occure by the first intercource or sexual play involving the inside of the vagina. Rests of the hymen can however remain around the vaginal opening.

The vagina leads up to the entrance of the uterus. This entrance is generally very constricted and closed by a prop of mucus. The vagina is the canal used by intercource with a man. During intercource the vaginal walls closes tightly around the penis. When the penis has been withdrawn and the semen deposited in the vagina, the vagina constricts iteslf againg to a very narrow canal filled with mucus and the semen. This way the sperm cells get the opportunity to swim through mucal substance up to the entance of the uterus and through this entrance into the uterus and reach the egg to be fertilized.

The vagina is also the normal portal for the delivery of the child during birth. During this process the vagina is widened by means of its graet elasticity and by relaxation of the muscles in the vagial wall.


The secretory glands and secretions of the vulva

The inside of the labia contain both sweet glands and sebaceous glands that secrete an oily substance. This oily substance, celles scaled off from the skin inside the vulva and bacteria blend together to a white substance with a characteristic scent called smegma. The smegma has both lubricating and protecting functions, and the scent is arousing to the sexual partner. The bacteria in the smegma are normally friendly bacteria that contribute to an inner vulvar environment that holds more dangerous bacteria away. With lack of hygiene too much smegma can however build up.

The vestibule of the vulva contains many small glands that open out to the vestibule. At both sides of the urethral opening you have the paraurethral glands or Skenes glands. These secrete a slimy substance with nearly the same composition as the prostatic fluid of a man.

Further down just at both sides of the vaginal opening are the two Bartholin's glands which produce a waxy, pheromone-containing substance with the purpuce of lubricating the vagina and attract sexual partners by means of its scent.

These glands tend to empty their secrets just before or during orgasm and may give rize to the phenomenon called female ejaculation.


The innervation of the vulva

The nerves to the vulva and vagina come from the lower part of the spinal cord, the sacral part. These nerves joins to a thick common string, called the nervus pudendus, and this string branches out again to the different parts of the sexual organs and the muscles around the sexual organ. The nerves to these areas both contain sensory fibres leading towards the central nervous system, fibres for voluntary controle of the muscles of this area, and fibres for controle of activities of glands and muscles that are not directly under volontary controle.

The greatest sensorial innervation are situated in the clitoris and the inner area between the clitoris and the vagina. The inner vaginal wall has less sensorial innervation, but movements and pressure inside the vagina is felt in the structures around and over the vagina.

The senses of the vulva comes form bare nerve endings and nerve endings that are encapsulated by several kind of connective tissue capsules. The bare endings recognize pain and other rude stimuli. The encapsulated nerve endings recogize touch, vibration and pressure of various kind.


The muscular functions of the vulva and its surroundings

During sexual arousal the muscles in the vagina, the msucles around the erectile bodies and other muscles of the pelvic bottom will contract rhytmically Actually, the contractions proceed from her bottom up her backside all th eway to the neck and downwards into her tighs. Thise contractions may not be felt conciously at the onset of the sexual activity, but still have their effects upon the physiology and feelings. The contractions will optimally be syncronized with the external undulatory movements duting intercource.

Towards the orgasm the contractions steadily intensify and the orgasm is usually accompanied by several strong contractions in the vagina, vulva and pelvic bottom.

This muscular contractions have many effects. First of all they stimulate the feeling reseptors in the vulva and the whole pelvic area so that the pleasure and arousal intesnifies. Secondly it massages the penis of the man and intensifies also his pleasure. The contractions help to pump the blood through the tissues of the vulva and the bottom area which fortifies all functions during intercource. The contractions may also help to pump the deliveded semen up against the entrance of the uterus. The contractions are partly involuntary, but the feeling of what is happening and the pleasure resulting from the contractions will usually make the women intensify the contractions also willfully.

During strong sexual arousal, the muscle bundles around the urethra, the so-called urethral spincter, will contract and at the same time will the muscular layer of the bladder relax. This way the need to urinate dimmishes during sexual activity. Also the muscular activities of the colon and anus will also relax, so that the need for bowel movement is postponed.


Other names of the vulva

The name vulva is of latin origin. The genuine English name is cunt. Because of ald taboos this word has been more or less banned in daily permitted conversational style. The name vagina is sometimes used about the whole vulva, which is faulty. In popular speech or speech regarded as vulgar, vulva is going under a lot of other names, for example pussy or crotch. In popular speech in Germanic languages vilva is often called by the names of small hairy animals, of which pussy is an example. In some countries or areas it is called mouse or rat or by the name for mouse or rat in the lokal language. In Scandinavian languages it is often calle "mus" which also means mouse. Because the technological device used to point at the computer screen is also called with the same term, comical situations often occur when this word is used.


Illustration of the female sexual organs

Picture showing the female sexual organs and showing where the G-point (G-spot) is located according to common belief. In reality the area from this spot to the root to the clitoris is a contineous sensititive area, and the whole of this area should be called the G-area. The inner part of the clitoris is seen on the picture, and also the structure extending towards the lover part of the bladder. The crura and the bulbs of clitoris to each sides are not shown on this picture.




(The picture and much of the text in the article above are compiled from wikipedia.org and they are therefore free to copy and reuse)